Describing consonants: the articulatory system, place and manner
10 important questions on Describing consonants: the articulatory system, place and manner
Which labels have the consonants?
Two different roles of the velum in articulation
- Oral consonants (e.g. /p b/)
- velum raised (air passage to nose is closed
- nasal consonants (e.g. /m/)
- velum lowered (air passage to nose is open)
Different techniques for imaging of the vocal tract?
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
- MRI is a technique to image nuclei of atoms inside the body
- An MRI scanner is a device in which the patient lies within a large, powerful magnet
- MRI images can be placed in a sequence to create a ‘movie clip’ of speech production
- ‘Real time’ MRI
- downside to MRI: invasive, expensive, very unnatural speech, because you lay down.
- Ultrasound
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How do you produce consonants?
- An active articulator moves towards a passive articulator.
- This creates a stricture in the vocal tract
- Consonants differ in the size and location of the stricture (+voicing/ fortis vs lenis)
What are the obstruents and sonorants?
- plosive
- affricate
- fricative
- nasal
- lateral approximant
- central approximant
Articulations that are impossible and why?
- Bilabial lateral approximant: It is impossible to let air flow over the sides of the tongue while the lips are closed
- Velar trill: In velar position, the body of the tongue has no freedom to move quickly enough to produce a velar trill
- Pharyngeal nasal: It is impossible to close the pharynx off completely while still allowing nasal airflow
- Voiced glottal plosive: The vocal folds cannot be held tightly closed (for the plosive) while simultaneously vibrating (for voice)
English consonant allophones?
Difference between trill and taps/flaps
- For a trill, the active articulator strikes the passive articulator with a rapid percussive (i.e. beating) action. the two types of trill that most frequently occur in language are alveolar (the tongue- tip striking the alveolar ridge) and uvular (the uvula striking the back of the tongue);
- A single rapid percussive movement (i.e. one beat of a trill) is termed a tap. tapped [ɾ]
Differences between obstruents and sonorants?
Difference between active and passive articulator?
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