Describing consonants: the articulatory system, place and manner - energy of articulation (fortis/lens contrast)
20 important questions on Describing consonants: the articulatory system, place and manner - energy of articulation (fortis/lens contrast)
When do you use advanced voicing in English?
- To add emphasis to key points.
- When conveying emotions or attitudes.
- In storytelling for engaging narrations.
- In public speaking to captivate the audience.
- In dramatic performances for character portrayal.
What are the types of sound releases?
- Nasal release: The soft palate lowers, allowing air to pass through the nasal cavity.
- Lateral release: The tongue lowers at the sides, releasing alveolar closure.
- Stop sequences: In overlapping stops, the first plosive has inaudible release.
- t-voicing: /t/ becomes a voiced flap [ɾ] between vowels in unstressed syllables.
What are the phonetic sounds produced with a complete closure in the vocal tract?
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What defines a nasal release in sound?
- A plosive is followed by a homorganic nasal
- The soft palate lowers
- Airstream exits through the nasal cavity
How is lateral release characterized in English?
- Alveolar closure being released by lowering the sides of the tongue
- Examples include words like settle, muddle, paddling
- Initial devoicing of /l/ after /t/ occurs
Which sounds are produced with an incomplete closure, allowing air to flow?
What are overlapping stops, and how do they function?
- A plosive is immediately followed by a stop
- Examples include /pt ɡb kd ɡʧ dɡ/ in words like rugby
- The first plosive has inaudible release
What is devoicing in phonetic English and when do you use it?
- At the end of words
- used on words with voiced consonants that are in a final position, such as the /d/ in "bad" becoming /t/ in "bat,"
- when a voiced consonant is adjacent to a voiceless consonant
- In certain phonetic environments
- In casual speech
- To facilitate easier pronunciation
When does glottal replacement occur in English?
- Before consonants, such as /p/, /t/, /k/.
- In various dialects, notably in Cockney and Estuary English.
- As a speech pattern among younger speakers.
What is t-voicing, and how does it manifest?
- The voiceless alveolar stop /t/ becoming a voiced alveolar flap [ɾ]
- Occurs between two vowel sounds in unstressed syllables
- Example word is "butter" sounding like "budder"
What term describes sounds made with a combination of closure and a narrow opening?
Which sounds involve the airflow in the mmouth being blocked completely for a short time?
What are the sounds produced without any significant closure in the vocal tract?
What do we call sounds made with no vocal cord vibration?
What are vocal sounds created with vocal cord vibration?
How are bilabial sounds produced?
Fortis/lenis opposition in stops
When does pre-glottalisation occur in stops in English?
- Syllable-final fortis stops are followed by another consonant.
- Contexts also include:
- Before a pause
- Before /h/
- Word-finally preceding a vowel
- Most affected consonant: /t.
- Common words: it, bit, get.
When does syllable-final fortis stops get glottalised? (3)
- Before another consonant
- Before a pause
- Before /h/ and word-finally preceding a vowel
Which consonant is most frequently pre-glottalised?
- /t/
- Commonly affects high-frequency words like
- it
- that
- lot
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