Summary: Oenology And Wine-Producing Regions

Read the summary and the most important questions on Oenology and wine-producing regions

• 1 Viticulture

• 1.1 Fundamentals of wine

  This is a preview. There are 6 more flashcards available for chapter 1.1
  Show more cards here

• Where was wine discovered?

  The first trace --> Georgia

• What are the wine grapes varieties?

  • Different types
    
  • It's possible to produce a white wine from a red grape if the winemaker removes the skins before the fermentation 
  • Can blend different grapes (Bordeaux) or using only one type (single-varietal wine) (Burgundy) 

• 1.2 Viticulture

  This is a preview. There are 1 more flashcards available for chapter 1.2
  Show more cards here

• What are the 2 ways of replanting a vineyard?

  1. By buying clones
     
  2. Massal selection

  
  
  
  For both techniques, once the new vine is replanted, the winegrower must wait three years before the vine will produce grapes.

• When do the winegrowers buy clones?

  • When they want to replant the same variety 
    
  • The vines are grown to adapt themselves to the specific terroir 
  • Winemakers buy vines that are already grafted and ready to be replanted 

• What are the pros and cons of cloning?

  • PROS: reproduce the same types of vines on a large scale 
    
  • CONS: less diversity and risk that the characteristics of the clone won't be identical

• When do winegrowers use massal selection?

  • Maintain the same genetic characteristics 
  • Winegrowers must carefully select a vine from their vineyard that shows certain qualities, such as resistance to disease --> They will first cut the shoots from the vine and will graft the vine with an American rootstock.

• What are the pros and cons to the massal selection?

  • PROS: is possible to preserve the inherent characteristics of an existing vine, while offering more diversity
  • CONS: higher chance of health risks,  more labor intensive and time consuming and more expensive.

• How is vine composed?

  1. Roots
     
  2. Trunk
  3. Shoots 

• What is the most common species of vines?

  • Vitis Vinifera (top part of the trunk)
    
  • Non-vinifera species: American rootstock (bottom of the trunk because it's the only one that is resistant to the phylloxera disease, which is a pest a destroy the vines. It started in 1864 in France and it spread all over the world except in the US --> Today only a few vines in the workd remain ungrafted). The function is to feed the top part, but it wouldn't change that much the tast of the wine. 

  
  
  International grapes (E.g. Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon) and native grapes (E.g. Chasslay)

• What are the 2 type of soils where the phylloxera can't infect the roots?

  1. Sand
     
  2. Volcanic