Vascular events of Inflammation
5 important questions on Vascular events of Inflammation
What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?
2. Warmth
3. Swelling
4. Pain
5. Loss of function
From local to systemic: vascular events
1. Blood vessels: dilation, permeability, thrombotic tendency
2. Leukocytes: adhesion, chemotaxis, activation
Systemic responses
1. Brain effects: fever, malaise, anorexia
2. Leukocytosis
3. Liver: acute phase protein synthesis
4. SIRS & sepsis
Chemical mediators of the vascular changes in inflammation
2. Plasma proteases
- Complement, c5a, c3a
- kinins: e.g. Bradykinin
- coagulation factors: e.g. FXII, thrombin
3. Eicosanoids: leukotrienes, prostaglandins
4. Platelet activating factor
5. Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, IL-8, IFN-gamma
6. Nitric oxide
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Common themes of inflammatory mediators
Mode of action: bind to cell surface receptors, and trigger altered cellular function
Effects are transient and localized
- Redundancy: many mediators -> similar effects
- Pleiotropy: one mediator -> many effects
Clinical & pathologic manifestations of vascular changes in inflammation
- Edema and fibrin from plasma fibrinogen influx into various regions
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