Heterogeneity of Neoplasms

5 important questions on Heterogeneity of Neoplasms

What does heterogeneity in cells tell us?

There is genomic instability causing heterogeneity among neoplastic cells

What are the issues regarding heterogeneity in neoplastic cells?

1. Diagnostic marker issues
2. Chemotherapeutic regimens and drug resistance
3. Mutation specific drugs
4. Evasion of the immune system

How does neoplastic cell heterogeneity lead to issues with treatment?

There may be chemotherapy resistant cells that will survive surgery and medication, and continue heterogeneity
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How does heterogeneity of neoplastic cells lead to immunohistochemistry issues?

We have a difficult time determining the kinds of cells that are affected, and require specific stains (HepPar1 or CD31) to determine the types of cell that are affected

What are the ways in which cancer cells can be independent of growth factors?

1. Mutant receptor: activation and phosphorylation without ligand
2. Self-production of growth factors: activate receptors for phosphorylation

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