AI in medicine

5 important questions on AI in medicine

What are the two different kinds of models of AI? What is important to mention in this topic?

  • Specific task -> specific outcome. Human training is needed.
  • No specific task but a foundational model. Adapted downstream with little to no training.

We were unable to start with foundational models: there was too little information at that time.

AI is applied in radiology; what is the problem?

Lots of variability
- products
- methods
- countries

AI is applied in drug discovery; how?

In drug discovery
- New molecules that don’t exist in nature
- Target structure prediction
- Drug-drug interactio
- Drug- target binding affinity (I have a molecule -> what can I expect from it)
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AI in emergency room; how?

  • Interpreting ECG > 24/7
  • AI assisted consultation
  • image assistance
  • symptoms checker: not influenced with emotions
  • Length of stay prediction

What are the challenges with AI in medicine?

  • Data scarcity: privacy, not enough of the same cases, data not shared between organizations, rare diseases, resource limitations, lack of structure/annotation
  • Explainability and trustworthiness: black box problem, what does the tool actually
  • Bias: due to people training them and chosen endpoints, 44% gender bias (female voice works less well), 25% gender and race bias

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