Summary: Medical Imaging

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Read the summary and the most important questions on Medical imaging

  • 1 PET

  • 1.1 Imaging prinicples

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  • Which particles of an atom are important for a PET scan?

    • The number of protons and neutrons need to be about the same to be a stable atom. 
    • So when an atom is not stable, it will release a neutron. 
    • So it will gain a proton and a positively loaded electron = positron. 
  • What is the line of stability?

    That the N = Z. So same amount of protons and neutrons.
  • What happens with the energy levels when a proton is added?

    It will drop and there will come energy free. So the beta particle (positrons) will gain energy.
  • What happens when there is decay by beta positive particles?

    1. It meets an electron. 
    2. annihilation (both get destroyed) 
    3. The mass becomes light (electromechanic energy) 
    4. A foton transports this energy; a foton is gamma ray. 
    5. The fotons will go in opposite directions. 
  • How is the transmission through tissue?

    The equation represents that the fractional change in intensity (ΔI/I\Delta I / IΔI/I) is proportional to:
    • The thickness of the absorber (Δx\Delta xΔx).
    • The attenuation coefficient (μ\muμ), which determines how strongly the material absorbs photons.
  • When a photon occurs. What can a photon do? (2)

    • Photonelectric effect 
    Eject an electron in the inner shell. An electron in another shell will replace this. => energy will come free. This energy is radiation.
    • Compton scattering. 
    Ejection of an electron in the outer shell. The photon still travels further.
  • What can compton scattering cause? (3)

    1. Decrease in image quality
    2. Higher dose in patient, because it effect more tissue
    3. More background radiation
  • What type of photons cause the photoelectric effect and what type the compton scattering?

    • PE => low energy 
    • Compton => high energy
  • How does a scintilator work?

    1. Gamma ray goes in
    2. Transformation in visible light 
    3. Photocathode transforms it in electrons 
    4. Guiding the electrons via dynodes 
    5. They arrive at the anode = signal output
  • What is coincidence detection?

    When both are detected from the two sides, within a certain time period. This does not always go well. 

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