Vascular surgery with AI and in vitro cellular models
11 important questions on Vascular surgery with AI and in vitro cellular models
What are the current treatments for aortic aneurysms?
- Invasive open aortic repair: open abdomen.
- Minimal invasive endovascular repair (EVAR) => you need for this still a couple of centimeters that is healthy tissue
- Lifestyle changes
- Blood pressure medication
What are shortcomings of current treatments?
- endoleak: blood in the aneurism
Overall
- Invasive
- Risky
- Insecurities
- Organ failure because you have to cut the blood flow.
- 5% rupture chance per year
- guideline with 5 cm you operate => not personal
How can AI help in diagnosing and describing the thrombus?
- Automatic analysis of the thrombus: Info about thrombus volume, perviousness, density, and heterogeneity
- Helping decision making of the surgeon
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Based on which items do you what the treatment per patient should be? (4)
- Imaging -> CT?
- Genomics
- Proteomics
- Characteristics of the smooth muscle cells
What is deep learning? And what is machine learning?
Machine learning uses more step => feature extraction and classification are two steps. In deep learning these are combined. The output is more specific.
To what is deep learning and machine learning capable of?
AI can be used during different stages of the care pathway. Name three examples.
- Preoperative: combining patient characteristics to give a prediction (genes, age, modeling the smooth muscle cells etc.)
- Preoperative: automatic forming biomarkers from CTA = computer tomography angiography. The computer automaticlly gives you biomarkers that indicate if the aneurysm with rupture or not. It does this based on the X-ray with fluorescence.
- During operation: automatic image fusion; bones and vessels
What are challenges of making the 3D model to predict rupture?
- Lot of small structures
- Everyone is different > lot of anatomic variation
- Smooth boundaries (so bewegend en zacht) makes CFD (computational fluid dynamics) difficult
How are vessels modeled in a picture?
So you can predict the growth/rupture of the aneurysm but you can also predict something else useful like...?
How can in vivo models improve personalised therapies for AAA? (2 examples)
- Models of endothelial and smooth muscle cells
- Defining the contractility of smooth muscle cells
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