RESPIRATORY - Nasal decongestants - Bronchial Asthma - Bronchodilators

29 important questions on RESPIRATORY - Nasal decongestants - Bronchial Asthma - Bronchodilators

What are the long-acting medications used in chronic asthma and bronchospasms?

  • Salmeterol
  • Formoterol
  • Long-acting are used in chronic asthma, bronchospasms.
  • 2 inhalations BD.
  • Palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, headache, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, etc.

What are the short-acting sympathomimetic (β2-adrenergic agonists) mentioned?

The short-acting sympathomimetic (β2-adrenergic agonists) mentioned are:
  • Salbutamol
  • Terbutaline

What are the details of Albuterol usage and its adverse effects?

  • Albuterol: Bronchospasm, exercise-induced bronchospasms.
  • 2-4 mg TID, QID PO; 1-2 inhalations q4-6hr.
  • Also given by nebulization.
  • Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, dizziness, nervousness, nausea, etc.
  • Higher grades + faster learning
  • Never study anything twice
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Discover Study Smart

How are short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists used in acute asthma and bronchospasms?

Short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists are used in acute asthma and bronchospasms with a dose of 2-6mg PO bid/tds; 2 inhalations every 4—6h (max 12 inhalations).

What is the dosage for Zafirlukast?

The dosage for Zafirlukast is 20 mg BID PO. It is used for chronic asthma management.

What are the side effects of short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists?

Side effects of short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists include:
  • Palpitation
  • Tremor
  • Dizziness
  • Vertigo
  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Nausea

What are the uses of Salbutamol and Terbutaline?

Salbutamol and Terbutaline are used for treating acute asthma and bronchospasms. They are classified as short-acting sympathomimetic (B2-adrenergic agonists).

What is the dosage regimen for Aminophylline?

The dosage for Aminophylline is individualized. Loading dose is 5-6mg/kg not exceeding 25mg/min slow infusion, then continuous 0.5 - 0.9mg/kg/hr.

What adverse effects are associated with Zafirlukast?

Adverse effects of Zafirlukast include myalgia, fever, headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

What are the types of sympathomimetic (β2-adrenergic agonists) bronchodilators?

  • Short Acting β-agonists e.g. Salbutamol
  • Long Acting β-agonists e.g. Salmeterol

What is the dosage for Salbutamol and Terbutaline?

The dosage for Salbutamol and Terbutaline is 2-6mg PO BD/TDS; 2 inhalations q4–6h with a maximum of 12 inhalations.

What adverse effects are associated with Aminophylline?

Adverse effects of Aminophylline include cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, hyperglycemia, hypotension, headache, insomnia, irritability, etc.

How do methylxanthines function as bronchodilators?

Methylxanthines (phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors) increase intracellular cAMP, a second messenger for intracellular signal induction, enhancing adrenoceptor activity resulting in bronchodilation.

What is the dosage for Theophylline?

The dosage for Theophylline is 16 mg/kg/24hr divided doses.

What are the adverse effects of Salbutamol and Terbutaline?

Adverse effects of Salbutamol and Terbutaline include palpitation, tremor, dizziness, vertigo, drowsiness, headache, nausea, etc.

What is the dosage for Montelukast for adults and children?

The dosage for Montelukast is 10 mg PO nocte for adults; for children 6-14 years, it is 5 mg chewable tab.

What additional effect do methylxanthines have besides bronchodilation?

Methylxanthines also block adenosine receptors resulting in an increase in dopamine and norepinephrine.

What are the adverse effects of Theophylline?

The adverse effects of Theophylline are the same as Aminophylline.

What are the uses of Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate?

Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate are used for chronic asthma and bronchospasms. They are classified as long-acting sympathomimetic (B2-adrenergic agonists).

What adverse effects are associated with Montelukast?

Adverse effects of Montelukast include headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, cough, and fatigue.

Name two examples of methylxanthines used as bronchodilators.

  • Aminophylline
  • Theophylline

What is the dosage for Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate?

The dosage for Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate is 2 inhalations BD.

What is an example of an anticholinergic used in emergencies for asthma?

Ipratropium is an example of an anticholinergic used in emergencies.

What is the dosage for Zileuton?

The dosage for Zileuton is 600 mg QID PO.

What are the adverse effects of Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate?

Adverse effects of Salmeterol and Formoterol Fumerate include palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, headache, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, etc.

What are the uses of Ipratropium bromide?

Ipratropium bromide is used for asthma, bronchospasm of COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and rhinorrhea. It is classified as an anticholinergic.

What adverse effects are associated with Zileuton?

Adverse effects of Zileuton include dyspepsia, nausea, headache, GI discomfort, myalgia, etc.

What is the dosage for Ipratropium bromide?

The dosage for Ipratropium bromide is 2 inhalations (36μg) QID (max 12 inhalations). It can also be given by nebulization.

What are the adverse effects of Ipratropium bromide?

Adverse effects of Ipratropium bromide include oropharyngeal dryness, GI distress, dry mouth, nausea, palpitations, dizziness, headache, etc.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

  • A unique study and practice tool
  • Never study anything twice again
  • Get the grades you hope for
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Remember faster, study better. Scientifically proven.
Trustpilot Logo