RESPIRATORY - Nasal decongestants - Bronchial Asthma

9 important questions on RESPIRATORY - Nasal decongestants - Bronchial Asthma

What are the two phases of an asthmatic attack?

  • Immediate phase: mainly bronchospasms and bronchoconstriction.
  • Late or delayed phase: bronchospasms, bronchoconstriction, wheezing, coughing, and inflammation.

What is Bronchial Asthma described as?

Bronchial Asthma is a complex multifactorial disease. It involves the release of mast cell mediators, which are bronchoconstrictors and inflammatory, and mediators released from T-lymphocytes.

What is Antigenic (Atopic or Extrinsic) Asthma?

Antigenic (Atopic or Extrinsic) Asthma is due to antigen-antibody interaction on the surface of mast cells. It occurs by exposure to allergens e.g. dust, pollen, animal hair/dander, certain types of food or drugs e.g. Penicillins.
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What are cytoplasmic mediators in Bronchial Asthma?

Cytoplasmic mediators involve mast cell degranulation releasing slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis-SRS-A (LTC4, LTD4), bradykinin, histamine, 5-HT, ACh, and chemotactic factors.

What are the clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma?

The clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma include:
  • Cough
  • Chest tightness
  • Frequent attacks of wheezing
  • Dyspnea / Breathlessness
  • Hypoxia in severe cases

What are the characteristics of Non-antigenic (Cryptogenic or Intrinsic) Asthma?

Non-antigenic (Cryptogenic or Intrinsic) Asthma is related to specific stimuli e.g. chest infection, exposure to cold air, exercise, emotions or drug-induced e.g. NSAIDs-Aspirin, Brufen, Beta blockers such as Propranolol, Opioid drugs such as Morphine, Codeine, Pethidine, etc.

What are cell membrane mediators derived from?

Cell membrane mediators are derived from membrane phospholipids and include PAF, PGs, TXA2, and leukotrienes, which are involved in Bronchial Asthma.

What is Mixed asthma?

Mixed asthma is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

What role do mediators released from T-lymphocytes play in Bronchial Asthma?

Mediators released from T-lymphocytes involve cytokines that attract and activate eosinophils and neutrophils to produce mediators responsible for bronchial hyper-reactivity.

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