Summary: Pharmacokinetics
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1 Introduction: Basic concideration
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What graph do we get if we mix pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics together?
Y = Effect
X = Time
Concentration falls apart -
What does the body do to the drugs?
ADMEAbsorption = Entrance into the body (systemic circulation)Distribution = Spreading throughout body
Metabolism = Chemical “transformation”
Excretion = Exit from the body -
Whan do we speak of the right effect after binding and activation of the drug to target?
When there is sufficient concentration at the right place -
What are the phases of preclinical testing?
In Vitro PK/PD
Animal PK/PD
Toxicity
PK/PD Guided Dose Escalation (Phase | )
Safety Assesment (Phase | ) -
What are the phases of clinical testing?
Dose (Conc) Response Trials (Phase ||)
Efficacy (Phase ||)
Dosage Selection (Phase ||)
Patient Variabels (Phase ||)
Population PK/PD (Phase |||)
Characteristics in Large Efficacy Trials(Phase |||)
PK/PD in Special Populations (Phase |||)
Postmarketing Surveillance -
What are the dosage forms for absorption?
Liquid
Tablet
Capsule
Suppository
Patch -
What are the administration routes?
Intravascular
Extravascular
Parenteral
Enteral
Local/Regional
Systemic -
What is Intravascular administration route? Give examples
Directly into the blood
Examples:
Intraveneus: Injection/infusion
Intra-Arterially -
What is parenteral administration route? Give examples
Not via GI tract
Intraveneus/Intra-arterial
Intramuscular
Sub/-intracutaneous
Pulmonary
Intranasal
Intra-/transdermal
Inhalation -
What is Enteral administration route? Give examples
Via the GI tract
Oral
Rectal
Sublingual
Buccal
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