Fundic - Parietal glands - Parietal cells

5 important questions on Fundic - Parietal glands - Parietal cells

What exactly do parietal cells do?

They release HCl and intrinsic factor (important for vitamin B12 absorption in ileum)

What do parietal cells have receptors for?

Excitatory
1. ACh
2. Histamine
3. Gastrin
4. CCK

Inhibitory
1. Somatostatin
2. Secretin

What is the mechanism of HCl production by parietal cells?

1. Parietal cells make acid by splitting H+ from water with carbonic anhydrase (CA)
2.  H+ and Cl- are sent to the gastric lumen
3. The OH- radical combines with CO2 to form HCO3-, HCO3- is sent to the blood
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How do we prevent H+ from entering the gastric lumen?

1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: prevents splitting of H2O into H+ and OH-, there are many side effects
2. Proton pump inhibitors: inhibits entrance of H+ into gastric lumen. When [H+] rises within parietal cell, CA catalyzes its reaction in the reverse direction (produces CO2 and H2O)

Why do we not meddle with chloride pumps in parietal cells?

Although chloride ions are secreted together with H+ to form HCl, chloride is important in cell homeostasis, so we do not touch them for therapeutic purposes

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