T cells and T receptors
3 important questions on T cells and T receptors
What are T cell superantigens?
T cell superantigens are bacterial or viral toxins that cause non specific T cell activation by cross linking MHC class II molecules on APC and TCR on T cells. They bind OUTSIDE the epitope binding regions and leads to cytokine storms via excessive T cell activation.
What are the steps of a cytokine storm?
1. Excessive T cells produce IFN-gamma
2. IFN-gamma activates macrophages and other immune cells
3. Activated immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a)
4. TNF-a can be toxic in high concentrations leading to shock and multi organ failure
2. IFN-gamma activates macrophages and other immune cells
3. Activated immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a)
4. TNF-a can be toxic in high concentrations leading to shock and multi organ failure
How are memory T cells made?
After T cell - DC interactions, T cell divides asymmetrically
- The part that touches the DC becomes CD4+ Helper T cell
- The other part becomes memory T cell, they can be activated by semi-professional APCs, they wait in bone marrow
- The part that touches the DC becomes CD4+ Helper T cell
- The other part becomes memory T cell, they can be activated by semi-professional APCs, they wait in bone marrow
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