Learning Goal - T cells

5 important questions on Learning Goal - T cells

What are the different subsets of T cells?

1. Cytotoxic cells
2. Helper cells
3. Memory cells
4. Regulatory cells

What is required for activation of T cells?

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells: CD8 as a molecule helps MHC Class I to present epitopes to cytotoxic T cell
CD4+ helper T cells: CD4 as a molecule helps MHC Class II to present epitopes to helper T cell

What is the immunological synapse in T cells?

It is the tri-molecular complex required to activate T cells (TCR - antigen - MHC)

Two signals required for T cell activation
1. Formation of TCR-antigen-MHC, tri-molecular complex
2. Co-stimulation from CD80/CD86 (on APC) and CD28 (on T cell)

Third signal
3. Cytokine milieu, release of certain cytokines lead to T cells having specific phenotype (Th1 or Th2)
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How do CD4+ helper T cells aid in immune responses?

Rather than directly influencing effector cell functions, they secrete cytokines that support the activation of effector mechanisms.

How are CD4+ T cells activated?

Signal 1: Tri-molecular complex (TCR with CD4, epitope, MHC Class I)
Signal 2: Co-stimulators (CD28 and CD80/86)
Signal 3 (not always required: Cytokines such as IL-12 driving proliferation/differentiation of T cells

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