Read the summary and the most important questions on Political dimensions of Europe definitions

• 1 the state as the key arena for politics

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• Monopoly of legitimate violence

  The state allowing the use of violence that without approval of the state would be deemed unlawful. Example: police and military.

• What is the difference between an unitary state and a federal state?

  Unitary states have the power concentrated from the capital. Example: France. 
  Federal states give more local autonomy and regions have greater powers than unitary states. Example: Germany/USA

• What is the difference between strong and weak states?

  Qualities of a strong state can include, but are not limited to, geographic size, economic strength, military strength, quality of state, institutions, and legitimacy. A weak state would be lacking in these qualities. Example: China vs Kosovo.

• 2 Democratic and Non-Democratic regimes

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• What is the difference between narrow and broad definition of democracy?

  Narrow definition is the presence of fair and competitive elections and political parties. Only about people hold power and exercise that power. Example: This allows Russia to claim democracy.
  Broad is focus on the goals of democracy. The definition requires participation, competition, freedom, and rule of law and the democratic ideas and values are focused upon.

• Difference between direct and representative democracy.

  A direct democracy is every person has a say in the governing of the people, more classic form of democracy such as in Ancient Greece. Example: Areas  of Switzerland still decide laws by referendums
  In a representative democracy the people elect representatives to do the governing and decision making.  Example: The Netherlands.

• What is a social democracy?

  The system in which advocates for the balance of the market and the state. Accepting capitalism but also redistributing the wealth across all people. And agreement between the individual and the community. Examples can include Sweden, where they have universal health care, education, multiple welfare programs. Humanizing capitalism. Bigger state "welfare state". Example: Left parties of the Dutch parliament.

• What is illiberal democracy?

  A facade of a democracy. No meaningful choice in elections or parties. Often one dominant party. Frequent abuses of power and corruption and rule of law can be amended according to interests. Example: Russia.

• 3 Traditional ideologies

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• Explain what a nation-state is.

  A sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a a nation, such as language or common descent.
  Example: France, Germany, Japan, USA.
  Example: Canada and Belgium have two states

• What is a nation?

  An idea. A thought that exists within the people of a shared language, culture, tradition, and religion. 
  Cultural example: Irish. Political example: USA.

• 4 Contemporary Ideology

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• Explain Ecologism and the difference between deep vs shallow.

  Different from environmentalism as it adopts an eco-centric perspective that places priority in the planet.
  

  • Deep: completely rejects the idea that the human species is in any way superior to any other species or nature itself
  • Shallow: accepts the lessons of ecology but adapts them to human needs. It argues that as long as humans sustain the natural world the natural world will sustain humans.

  
  Example is that nowadays there are more green goals for protecting the planet and environment.