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1 Estimating the Cost of Capital
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1.1 The Equity Cost of Capital
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What is the CAPM formula and what does it determine?
TheCAPM determines the expectedreturn (Security MarketLine ) as follows:
rf= risk free rate (government; trusted that they will always pay back hence their interest is taken as base)
Beta= companies individual risk according to the market movement
If the calculation in bracket is negative —> No reason to invest -
What does the beta represent?
Beta is the expected percent change in the excess return of the security for a 1% change in the excess return of the market portfolio. -
What is the difference between volatility and beta i.e. What risks do they represent?
Volatility =Total riskBeta =Market/ systematic risk -
1.2 The Market Portfolio
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What is market capitalisation? How is it calculated?
Market Capitalization: Total marketvalue offirm i’soutstanding shares
MV = Number ofShares of i Outstanding * price of i per share -
What is value-weighted portfolio? How is it calculated?
Value-Weighted Portfolio : Aportfolio in which eachsecurity is held inproportion to its marketcapitalization -
How can the market risk premium be estimated?
The market risk premium (E[RMkt]− rf) can be estimated using historical risk premiums -
What should the risk-free rate we choose correspond to?
The risk-free rate we choose should correspond to the yield for an average horizon. -
What are the two drawbacks of using historical data for estimating the market-risk premium?
Usinghistorical data for estimating themarket-risk premium has twodrawbacks :- Despite data for 50 (or more) years the
standard errors of estimates are large. - Estimates are
backward looking, and may therefore not represent the currentexpectations .
- Despite data for 50 (or more) years the
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What is the formula to estimate the market-risk premium using dividend and dividend yield?
Dividend yield + Expected Dividend Growth Rate -
1.3 Beta Estimation
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What does the beta correspond to?
Beta corresponds to the slope of the best-fitting line in the plot of the security’s
excess returns versus the market excess return.
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