Population Genetics - Powerpoint

14 important questions on Population Genetics - Powerpoint

What does population genetics study?

The genetic composition of populations and how it changes due to evolution, selection, mutation and drift

What is the goal of population genetics?

To determine how much genetic variation exists within populations and how it changes over time

What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)?

A model stating that allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations if no evolutionary forces are acting
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What is genetic drift?

Random changes in allele frequencies, especially significant in small populations

How do new alleles enter a population?

Through mutation or migration (gene flow from other populations)

How does natural selection affect variation?

It can reduce variation (e.g., selection against an allele) or maintain it (e.g., heterozygote advantage)

Allele frequency vs genotype frequency

Allele frequency: Proportion of a specific allele in the population
Genotype frequency: Proportion of a specific genotype in the population

What are the most commonly studied types of polymorphism in population genetics?

SNPs and microsatellites

What is the gene pool?

The gene pool is the sum total of all alleles in the breeding members of a population at a given time.

Which diseases are linked to HLA-DQA1 variants?

  • Celiac disease
  • Alopecia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Type I diabetes
  • Rosacea
  • And other conditions

What is the FYnull allele?

A variant within the Duffy blood group system that results in no expression of the Duffy antigen on red blood cells.

Where is the FYnull allele most common?

It is common in African populations but rare outside of Africa.

What is the inbreeding coefficient (F)?

It is the probability that two alleles in an individual are identical by descent (i.e., come from the same copy in a common ancestor).

What does a higher F value indicate?

A greater degree of inbreeding and more homozygosity in the genome.

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