Summary: Psychiatric Medications

Read the summary and the most important questions on Psychiatric medications

• 1 Topic / section 1

• 1.1 Categories of psychiatric medications

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• What are the seven categories of psychiatric medication used to treat?

  • Antidepressants: depressive disorders and chronic anxiety disorders.
  • Antipsychotics: schizophrenia and psychotic disorders.
  • Anxiolytics: anxiety disorders.
  • Mood stabilisers: bipolar disorders.
  • Hypnotics: insomnia.
  • Antidementia (acetylcholinesterase inhibiting) drugs: dementia and other cognitive disorders.
  • Stimulants: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

• 1.2 Response to drugs

• The response to a given medication may be different from one patient to another and depends on the following variables:

  Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug.
  Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body.
  Individual responses, which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  Individual tolerance to the medication.
  Variations in the chemical structure of medications of the same category or class of medications (Hauser et al. 2018).

• Other factors that may cause adverse effects include what?

  • Type of mental disorder.
  • Age.
  • Sex.
  • Body size.
  • Physical illnesses.
  • Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use or misuse.
  • Liver and kidney function.
  • Other medications including herbal and vitamin supplement use.
  • Diet.
  • Patient compliance with medications (National Institute of Health 2017).

• 2 Antipsychotic Medication

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• What are some of the most common side effects of typical antipsychotics?

  extrapyramidal side-effects, including rigidity (Parkinsonism), persistent muscle spasms (dystonia), tremors, restlessness (akathisia), and tardive dyskinesia

• What are some of the most common side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

  weight gain
  metabolic changes-including raised blood lipids and increased risk of diabetes

• Antipsychotics medication warnings for potential serious or life-threatening adverse effects for typical antipsychotics include:

  life-threatening neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

• Antipsychotics medication warnings for potential serious or life-threatening adverse effects for atypical antipsychotics include:

  increased risk of death to older patients treated for dementia-related psychosis (Leenhardt et al. 2017). Clozapine has an alert warning for agranulocytosis, seizures, myocarditis, and other cardiorespiratory problems.

• 2.2 Health Terms Relating to Anti-psychotic medications

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• What are Metabolic changes?

  Metabolic changes are shifts in how your body processes food and energy. They can happen due to age, diet, exercise, or health conditions. These changes affect how quickly you burn calories, store fat, and maintain energy levels, impacting weight, mood, and overall health.

• 3 Antidepressants

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• What is Serotonin and is 3 areas is it key to regulating

  serotonin is a neurotransmitters that play vital roles in the brain and body
  

  • Mood Regulation: Often referred to as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, serotonin is primarily involved in regulating mood, anxiety, and emotional well-being. It is thought to stabilize mood and promote feelings of happiness and contentment.
  • Sleep Regulation: Serotonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle and is a precursor to melatonin, which regulates sleep.
  • Appetite and Digestion: Serotonin is involved in controlling appetite and digestion. It helps signal satiety (fullness) and regulates the gastrointestinal system.

• 3.4 Atypical anti-depressant

• Name an a-typical anti-depressant beginning with M

  Mirtazapine