COGNITIVE APPROACH - Cognitive Biases
12 important questions on COGNITIVE APPROACH - Cognitive Biases
What is the independent variable in the study?
- The independent variable is the starting number in the multiplication problem.
- Ascending condition: 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8
- Descending condition: 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
What is the dependent variable in the study?
- The dependent variable is the students’ estimate of the product.
What are the strengths of the research method described?
- Highly controlled environment allows researchers to infer anchoring caused differences in estimates.
- Uses the median, reducing the effect of outliers.
- Provides clear evidence for the anchoring effect.
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What is a cognitive bias and what are its types?
- Bias thinking, Bias decision-making
- Errors from unconscious biases
- Mental Shortcuts (heuristics)
- Quick decision-making
- Confirmation Bias
- Anchoring Bias
What are the limitations of the research method described?
- Low ecological validity due to artificial estimation in 5 seconds.
- Independent samples design may affect results.
- Math ability variance between groups.
- Results may not generalize to real-life decision making.
What are the control variables in the study?
- Same time limit: 5 seconds.
- Same multiplication problem, just in different order.
- Same general task for both groups.
- Same age group of participants, roughly.
How does confirmation bias occur and what does it involve?
Why do we use heuristics according to the document?
- We are cognitive misers using heuristics for quick decisions.
- Follow our first instinct, hence the anchoring number.
- High cognitive load leads to System 1 thinking.
What was the aim of Tversky and Kahneman's 1974 study?
What is the Primacy & Recency Effect as described?
- First and last things are most memorable.
- Middle parts are easily forgettable.
What type of research was conducted in Tversky and Kahneman's 1974 study?
What sampling method was used in Tversky and Kahneman's 1974 study?
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