Learning Goal - CAUSALITY

7 important questions on Learning Goal - CAUSALITY

What does effect size indicate in research?

Effect size indicates how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between the groups is. A large effect size indicates a research finding has practical significance.

How can causality be established according to the notes?

Causality can be established mainly through experimental research, such as controlled experiments and manipulation of the independent variable (IV).

What does a small effect size indicate?

A small effect size indicates limited practical applications. It suggests that the research finding may not have significant real-world impact or importance.
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What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Correlation does not equal causation. Causality involves a direct cause and effect relationship, which is not implied by correlation.

Describe linear causality as mentioned in the notes.

Linear causality involves the independent variable (IV) directly influencing the dependent variable (DV) under controlled conditions. The effect is reliable, highly predictable, and traceable to a single cause.

What is an example of domino causality?

An example of domino causality is an alarm not going off, leading to waking up late, forgetting lunch, missing the bus, being late to class, and being scolded by a teacher.

Explain cyclical causality as outlined in the notes.

Cyclical causality involves feedback loops where an effect can also influence or lead back to the original cause. An example is the predator and prey relationship.

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