COGNITIVE PROCESSES (MEMORY) - Environmental Effects of Memory
20 important questions on COGNITIVE PROCESSES (MEMORY) - Environmental Effects of Memory
What is Transactive Memory Systems?
How does Transactive Memory Systems relate to how environment impact human's memory?
Environment can change what we bother remembering. If we know information is saved in a phone, we may remember where to find the piece of information, instead of memorising the information itself (e.g. My friends number is saved on my phone, I don't need to remember it.)
- Causing us to rely on external help, and less on internal memory.
What are the strengths of the study mentioned?
- Controlled experiment, so cause-and-effect can be inferred.
- Clear quantitative data from recall and recognition tasks.
- Introduced an important idea about digital amnesia and how people use the internet as external memory.
- The second study adds support by showing memory for location rather than content.
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Who is the author of the book "What is the internet doing to our brains?" and what are some effects of technology on memory?
- Seeking new information due to chemical messengers.
- Triggering compulsive behavior.
- Memory consolidation and calm thinking.
- Creating connections between information.
- Rehearsal leads to memory consolidation.
- Attention is key; distraction weakens memory consolidation.
What were the control variables in the study?
- Same or very similar trivia facts for all participants.
- Same computer-based typing task.
- Same number of facts in each study.
- Same timed recall period.
- Same general instructions and procedure for participants within each condition.
What is the aim of the study mentioned in the document?
What was the procedure followed by the 34 Columbia University undergraduates in the study?
- Typed 30 trivia facts.
- Computer indicated each fact was saved in a folder.
- Six folders total.
- Completed a 10-minute recall test.
- Identified folder for each statement.
How many Harvard undergraduates participated in Study 1, and what did they do?
- 60 Harvard undergraduates participated.
- They typed 40 trivia facts into a computer.
- Some facts were likely new to them, while others were likely already known.
What type of research was conducted in the study?
- Laboratory experiment
- Independent samples design
- Quantitative study
What sampling method was used in the studies and what was the sample composition?
- Opportunity / convenience sample
- Study 1: 60 undergraduate students from Harvard University
- Study 2: 34 undergraduate students from Columbia University
- The sample was narrow and made up of university students.
What were the key findings from Study 1 regarding memory recall?
- Being asked to remember made little difference.
- Belief in computer saving led to lower recall.
- Less effort to remember if access was assumed.
- Recalled facts:
- Save + remember: 19%
- Save + not asked to remember: 22%
- Erase + remember: 29%
- Erase + not asked to remember: 31%
How were participants split into conditions in Study 1?
- Participants were split into four conditions:
- Save + remember
- Save + not asked to remember
- Erase + remember
- Erase + not asked to remember
What is the "Google Effect" according to Sparrow (2011)?
- The internet affecting the mind’s ability to concentrate.
- The internet activating the dopamine reward pathway, making us more reliant on it.
What independent variables were manipulated in Study 1?
- Whether participants believed the computer would save the information or erase it.
- Whether participants were asked to remember the facts or not.
What did Study 2 reveal about participants' memory of information storage?
- Better at remembering storage location than information.
- Likely to recall folder name over trivia fact.
- Supports "transactive memory" and "digital amnesia."
What were participants told about the computer in Study 1?
- Half were told the computer would save what they typed.
- The other half were told the computer would erase what they typed.
What is the clip "What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains" about?
What was the independent variable in Study 2?
- Whether participants were remembering the information itself or the folder/location where it was stored.
What tasks did participants complete after typing in Study 1?
- Participants completed a 10-minute free recall test.
- They also completed a recognition test.
What were the dependent variables in Study 1 and Study 2?
- Study 1: Percentage of trivia facts recalled and later recognized.
- Study 2: Percentage of facts recalled, folder location recalled, both recalled.
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