Summary: Psychology
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1 Psychology
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1.1 Social Influence Lesson 1
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What are social norms and provide examples?
- Social norms: What society deems as normal.
- Examples:
- Queueing
- Accent
- Cultural and Religion: Giving up seat for elderly.
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Describe informational social influence and its component.
- Informational social influence involves Internalisation:
- Deepest conformity level
- Change is public and private
- Continue beliefs without group
- Long-lasting
- Informational social influence involves Internalisation:
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How do Asch and Zimbardo support social influence theories?
- Asch: People chose wrong to fit in.
- Zimbardo: Prisoners/guards conformed to social roles.
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1.2 Social Influence Lesson 2
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What did Asch's line study demonstrate about conformity?
- Participants conformed to incorrect answers 75% of the time.
- Demonstrates normative social influence (NSI).
- Aim: Avoid rejection by majority to fit in.
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What was the basic setup of Asch's study?
- Objective: Investigate pressure group effects on conformity.
- Controlled environment with one naïve participant.
- Confederates gave incorrect answers deliberately.
- Evaluated conformity by comparing line lengths.
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How did variations in group size affect conformity in Asch's study?
- With three confederates, conformity to wrong answers was 31.8%.
- Increasing confederates beyond three made no significant difference.
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What impact did unanimity have in variations of Asch’s study?
- Adding a dissenter who disagreed reduced naïve participant conformity.
- Conformity dropped to 25% when a confederate dissented.
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What role did task difficulty play in Asch's line study?
- Higher task difficulty increased conformity.
- Lucas et al. noted high self-efficacy led to more independent answers.
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1.2.1 Extra Lesson 1 & 2
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What is conformity and why do people conform?
- Conformity: Change in belief/behavior to fit in.
- Avoid standing out; not long-lasting.
- Change due to believing it's right; seeking information for correctness.
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Who are confederates and naïve participants in experiments?
- Confederates: Know about the experiment.
- Naïve participants: Unaware.
- Confederates give incorrect answers to influence naïve participants.
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