Summary: (Rbm3640) Advanced Neurosciences

Read the summary and the most important questions on (RBM3640) Advanced Neurosciences

• 1 Session 1

• 1.1 Division of the Nervous system

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• What are the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system? What does each division do?

  The CNS = the integrating and control center of the nervous system. interprets sensory input then and dictates motor output
  The PNS = communication line that link all parts of the body to the CNS

• What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the PNS and what is their function?

  1. The sensory/afferent sends sensory information to the CNS from sensory receptors
  2. The motor/efferent sends the response signals dictated by the CNS to the effector organs (muscles/glands) to carry out the desired response

• What are the 2 kinds of sensory receptors found under the sensory/afferent subdivision of the PNS and what are their unique jobs? Include the structures involved

  1. Somatic sensory, sends sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
     
  2. Visceral sensory, send sensory information from the visceral organs (organs within the ventral body cavity)
     

• What are the 2 subdivisions under the motor/efferent divison of the PNS? To which effectors do they deliver the response information from the CNS to? Which one is voluntary and involuntary?

  1. The somatic nervous system (SNS), the passage for a response signal to skeletal muscles specifically for voluntary movement
  2. The autonomic system (ANS), the passage for a response signal to reach the viscera (smooth and cardiac muscle and glands. This is involuntary

• What are the 2 subdivision of the ANS --> motor/efferent --> PNS that work in opposite of one another 

  the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division

• What are the 2 different kinds of cells making up nervous tissue? Which one is more important

  its neurons, nerve cells that are excitable (respond to stimuli by changing their membrane potential) and transmit electrical signals then neuroglia (or glial cells), small cells that surround and support neurons

• 1.2 Neuroglia support and maintain neurons

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• List the 6 types of non excitable nervous cells called neuroglia. Name the 4 in the CNS and the 2 in the PNS

  CNS
  

  • astrocytes/star cells: anchor neurons to nutrient supplu lines
  • microgilal
  • ependymal
  • oligodendrocytes

  PNS
  

  • satellite
  • schwann

• What do Oligodendrocytes form around axons and why do they have several elongated projections?

  form the insulative myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS.
  has several elongated projections, each of which wraps jelly-roll fashion around a section of an interneuronal axon to form a patch of myelin

• State the 3 functions of Ependymal Cells

  1. Line the ventricles and help form cerebrospinal fluid
     
  2. a contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricles via its cilia
     
  3. They serve as neural stem cells with the potential of forming not only other glial cells, but also new neurons.
     

• What is the name of the neuroglia that function in the same way as astrocytes but in the PNS not the CNS and have a similar resemblance to satellites?

  Satellite cells