Summary: The Immune System | 9780393533378 | Peter Parham

Read the summary and the most important questions on The immune system | 9780393533378 | Peter Parham

• 1 Elements of the Immune system and Their Roles in Defense

• 1.3 Skin and mucosal surfaces are barrier defenses against infection

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• What's the function of physical barriers in the human body?

  They separate the body from it's external environment.

• When are soft tissues renderend vulnerable to infection?

  If the skin suffers from physical damage, such as wounds, burns or surgical procedures.

• How is the respiratory mucosa continually cleansed of unwanted material (infectious microorganisms)?

  Mucus is continually removed through the beating action of the cilia (trilhaartjes), The mucus bathing the epithelium is supplemented by goblet cells, specialized in the synthesis and secretion of mucus.

• What's the function of antimircobial peptides that's produced by all epithelia?

  They kill bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses by the common mechanism of perturbing(verstoren) their membranes.

• What do tears and saliva (slijm) contain that kills bacteria?

  They contain an enzyme called lysozyme that kills bacteria by degrading their cell walls.

• How do the stomach, vagina and skin deter microorganisms?

  By acidic environments

• How does your body prevent pathogens from gaining access to your cells and tissues when the skin and mucosa (the first layer of defense) are breached?

  The defense mechanism of innate immunity are aimed at the invaders.

• 1.4 The innate immune response produces a state of inflammation at sites of infection

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• What is the innate immune response?

  It's an immune response that's initiated immediately on infection and does not depend on lymphocytes of adaptive immunity. 
  - It depends on host defenses such as complement neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells, which provide nonspecific defense against a wide range of pathogens. 
  - This response does not generate immunological memory.

• What are the two phases the innate immune response consist of?

  1) pathogen-recognition -> recognize if a pathogen is present
  2) Effector mechanism -> kill or eliminate the pathogen

• Explain what the effector mechanism is?

  Any of the physiological and cellular processes used by the immune system to destroy pathogens and remove them from the body.