Read the summary and the most important questions on Understanding Pathophysiology | 9780323639088 | Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance

• 39 Skin

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• What is Pressure injuries and outline its stages

  It's a localised skin injury due to sustained pressure; leads to select (D) blood flow (R) in ischemia thus in necrosis & ulceration. Stages; 1,2,3,4 , Unstageble& Deep tissue injury.

• Differences between Venous and Arteriole ulceruser-select(Characteristics, causes, treatments)

  (DIfferences et.al)

• Describe cellulitis (most common in lower limbs)

  Bacterial infection of the dermis & subcutaneous tissues caused by S.bacteria that enters the body via wound, cut, burn etc

• Outline 3 types of skin cancer

  Basal cell carcinoma; basale cells of epidermis-exposure of skin to sun-slowly growing, rarely mestasizes. Squamous cell carcinoma; outer keritinocytes - exposure of skin to sun -slow growing, but invasive: (I) likelihood of metastasis
  - nodules that ulcerates & bleed. Melanoma; melanocytes become malignant -can occur anywhere -rapid growth & invasive w/ (I) rate of metastasis -irregular shape, irregular coloration, changes shape/size, > 6mm diameter.

• What are bacterial infection assoc w/ hair follicles?

  • Folliculitis
  • Furuncles
  • Carbuncles

• Describe dermatitis, acne vulgaris & psoriasis(Inflammation skin conditions)

  Dermatitis (eczema) - most common - itching, redness/discoloration, vesicles & scales (lipe's) as chronic includes dry skin - thickening & fissuresAcne vulgaris (fuofua) - an inflammation of sebaceous glands.
  Psoriasis - inflammatory condition
  -hyperproliferation of skin cells w/ build up scaly plaques also w/ increased vascularity.
  

• 40 Skeletal Conditions

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• Risk factor for osteoporosis (5)

  (I) aging, esp w/; calcium/vitamin deficiency, smoking, (D) activity, (I) weight & alcohol, obesity, Cushing's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, drugs (corticosteroids, heparin).

• Outline arthritis treatments

  Pain management, anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, hydrotherapy, application of heat/cold, lifestyle modifications, e.g. Diet & exercise, surgery, e.g. Joint replacement

• Distinguish the different types of arthritis (patho inc. S+S)

  (Shown in pic)

• 41 Musculoskeletal Injuries

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• Outline healing process for sprains and strains

  -Inflammation
  -Repair/Organization
  -Remodeling/Regeneration
  (To be cont..)