Neuroanatomy - The Nervous System

18 important questions on Neuroanatomy - The Nervous System

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?

Cranial nerves (12 pairs), spinal nerves (31 pairs), ganglia, peripheral nerves, sensory receptors in skin, and enteric pleuses in small intestine.

What does the sensory division of the nervous system do?

Receptors detect stimuli and relay information towards the CNS
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What type of pathway is the sensory division of the CNS?

Ascending afferent pathway (from PNS to CNS)

What happens after sensory reception of stimuli?

Integration of information (analysis, storage, and perception)

What is the final functional step of the nervous system?

Motor output for muscle contraction or glandular secretion

What type of pathway is the motor division of the nervous system?

Descending efferent pathway (from CNS to PNS)

Which nerve fibers are in the sensory (afferent) division?

Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers

Which nerve fiber is in the motor (efferent) division?

Motor nerve fiber

What are the two divisions of the nervous system that the motor division outputs to?

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Where does the autonomic nervous system carry impulses from the CNS to?

Cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands

What is a visceral motor and involuntary nervous system?

Autonomic nervous system

What is a somatic motor and voluntary nervous system?

Somatic nervous system

Where does the somatic nervous system carry the impulses from the CNS to?

Skeletal muscles

Where does the autonomic nervous system signal in order to conserve energy and promote a state of rest?

Parasympathetic division

Where does the autonomic nervous system signal to mobilize body systems during activity?

Sympathetic division

What are the two cellular components of the nervous system and what are each of their functions?

1. Neurons -- communication with other neurons or effectors via electrical signals
2. Neuroglia -- support neurons

The structures of both neurons and neuroglia differ depending upon whether they are located in the ____ or ____.

CNS, PNS

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