Time Periods - Baroque Age - Historical Events
3 important questions on Time Periods - Baroque Age - Historical Events
Consequences of the Reformation led to the Baroque age.
Name the main consequences:
- Religion used as justification for wars.
- Civil wars, religious rebellions, massacres, witch hunts.
- Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
- England becomes Protestant.
- Civil wars (1642-1651).
- Glorious Revolution (1688).
- Absolutism and Divine Kings.
- Counter-Reformation.
- Council of Trent (1545-1563).
What can you tell about the Thirty Years' War?
- 1618-1648
- Started civil and religious wars within Holy Roman Empire.
- Protestant states (especially Bohemia) vs very Catholic Emperor Ferdinand II.
- Other states get involved, linked to religion.
- Ferdinand II nephew of Philip III of Spain (House of Habsburg).
- France wants to weaken Habsburgers.
- Peace of Westphalia (1648).
- War was inconclusive.
- HRE weakened (25-40% population died).
- France & England rise as world powers.
- End of Spain as world power.
- Emergence of new independent states:
- Dutch Republic, Italian city states, Switserland, increased independency for German states.
- Last important Religious War in Europe.
What were the outcomes of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
- Not much Theological change.
- Rome the only authority in interpretation of the Bible/religious matters.
- Inquisition, witch trials, censorship.
- Intellectual understanding of religion less important than experience and emotion.
- Renew interest in religion by:
- Rome invests in the arts to stimulate riligious experience.
- Religious art should be easily understandable and accessible (& contemporary).
- Realism.
- Target emotions audience.
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