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Lab 3 - Microbes II & The Fungus Among Us

31 important questions on Lab 3 - Microbes II & The Fungus Among Us

Summarize the main differences (and possibly similarities) you notice between the 3 major fungi groups: Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes.

The Zygomycetes were black and hairy, reproduce asexually and sexually, and have hyphae. Ascomycetes are toxic and carcinogenic, they can reproduce asexually or sexually, and are overall a very diverse species. Basidiomycetes reproduce sexually, include destructive plant pathogens, and are a very diverse species.

Is a mushroom produced asexually or sexually?

A mushroom is produced sexually

What is the difference between endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae?

Ectomycorrhizae form sheaths of hyphae that extend over the surface of a root and normally grow into the extracellular spaces of the root while endomycorrhizae arbuscles grow into the roots cell within the cortex.

In the Ascomycota, are conidia asexual or sexual spores?

Conidia are asexual spores

Why is filamentous growth advantageous among fungi?

Filamentous growth is advantageous for fungi because it allows them to have more surface area and therefore can obtain more nutrients at a faster rate. As well, the increase in filamentous growth allows for more reproduction of mushroom structures for better reproductive success.

In the Zygomycetes, is the zygosporangia asexually or sexually produced?

The zygosporangia is sexually produced

In the Zygomycetes, is the sporangia asexually or sexually produced?

The sporangia is asexually produced

What are on the gills in the Basidiomycota?

The gills have haploid spores called basidiospores and these are produced on club-shaped structures called basidia

What does the sexual phase of the Ascomycota produce?

It produces four (2n) or eight (n) ascospores that are formed in an ascus

What was the Zygomycota formerly classified as?

The Zygomycota was a former classification of coenocytic fungi which include moulds that infest fruits and breads.

How do Zygomycetes reproduce?

They reproduce asexually very rapidly. If their food source is depleted they may reproduce sexually and produce a large 2n zygosporangium.

Do the Ascomycota have the largest number of fungal species?

Yes; and it also has the most diversity, ranging from unicellular yeasts to multicellular filamentous species

What does the variety of fungi within the Basidiomycota include?

The fungi include some organisms which are able to degrade the lignins in wood and may be found on rotting logs

What are the spores produced during the Ascomycota asexual phase called?

The spores are called conidia which are produced on conidiophores

What is the name of the stalk and cap within the Basidiomycota?

The stalk is named the stipe and the cap is the pileus which contains many gills

What were oomycetes previously classified as based on their morphology?

Based on their morphology, these organisms were previously classified as fungi.

How do Ascomycota reproduce?

The Ascomycota reproduce both asexually and sexually.

How are mushrooms in Basidiomycota produced?

These mushrooms are produced sexually and the structure is called a basidiocarp.

What is a characteristic of many oomycetes that resembles fungal hyphae?

For example, many oomycetes have multinucleate filaments (hyphae) that resemble fungal hyphae.

What is a key difference between oomycetes and fungi regarding cell walls?

Among the differences, oomycetes typically have cell walls made of cellulose, whereas the walls of fungi consist mainly of another polysaccharide, chitin.

What do the sporangia of oomycetes release?

The sporangia of oomycetes release flagellated zoospores, which have a hairy flagella typical of all stramenophiles.

What enhances the uptake of nutrients in both oomycetes and fungi?

In both oomycetes and fungi, the high surface-to-volume ratio of filamentous structures enhances the uptake of nutrients from the environment.

Although some oomycetes descended from plastid-bearing ancestors, do they still have plasmids?

The oomycetes no longer have plastids and do not perform photosynthesis

How do oomycetes acquire nutrients?

Oomycetes acquire nutrients as decomposers or parasites

What do most water moulds and decomposers grow as?

Most water moulds are decomposers that grow as cottony masses on dead algae and animals, mainly in freshwater habitats.

Where do some oomycetes, such as white rusts and downy mildews, generally live?

Some oomycetes, such as white rusts and downy mildews, generally live on land as plant parasites.

What is one of the most significant plant pathogens mentioned?

One of the most significant plant pathogens is Phytophthora infestans.

What disease does Phytophthora infestans cause?

Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight.

How did late blight contribute to history?

Late blight contributed to the devastating Irish famine of the 19th century, in which a million people died and at least as many were forced to leave Ireland.

How much is estimated to be spent on fungicides to combat late blight annually?

It is estimated that $1 billion is spent on fungicides to combat late blight annually.

What are the five distinct lineages of fungi?

The Chytrids, the Glomeromycetes, the Zygomycetes, the Ascomyetes, and the Basidomycetes.

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BFI - Laboratory Assignments

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