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Lab 6 - Leaves, Transpiration and Reproduction in Seed Plants

28 important questions on Lab 6 - Leaves, Transpiration and Reproduction in Seed Plants

What is the difference between a perfect, imperfect or incomplete flower?

Perfect flowers have both female and male reproductive systems. Imperfect flowers are flowers that lack either carpels or stamens. Incomplete flowers are missing at least one sepal, petal, stamen or carpel.

Briefly describe the process of double fertilization.

Double fertilization occurs when a pollen grain lands on a stigma and creates a pollen tube where two sperm cells are discharged into each ovule. Then, one sperm fertilizes the egg to make a zygote, and the other sperm fertilizes the central cell, creating an endospore.

What might monocots also have for pollination?

They may also have large numbers of small flowers without petals that are pollinated by wind

Are microspores and megaspores produced by mitosis or meiosis? What does each give rise to?

Both microspores and megaspores are produced by meiosis. Microspores give rise to pollen grains, the male gametophyte. The pollen grains then further develop to produce sperm. The megaspore gives rise to the embryo sac, the female gametophyte, which contains the egg cell.

What type of veins do most dicots have?

They mostly have parallel veins

Describe how stomata open and close.

The guard cells swell in the presence of water, making the cell turgid and therefore open the pore. In the absence of water, the guard cells become flaccid, closing the pore.

Why do some plants have them on only the lower surface of their leaves?

Having stomata on the underside of the leaves allows for the plant to retain more water since the stomata are shaded from the sun, preventing dehydration via transpiration.

What is the process called when there is a loss of water from plant tissues?

Loss of water from plant tissues is transpiration.

What are the four layers of a leaf cross section?

The upper epidermis, the palisade mesophyll, the spongy mesophyll, and the lower epidermis

What do vascular plants have that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf?

Vascular plants have stomata, which are pores in the leaf to allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter.

How do plants modify leaves in direct sunlight?

When in direct sunlight, the plant modifies the leaf form to harness the available light resource for photosynthesis. These leaves tend to be smaller and thicker.

What is the trade-off for plants allowing CO2 to enter through the stomata?

The trade-off is that the plant will give up water through the stomata and, thereby, risk desiccation.

How do shade leaves differ from sun leaves?

For leaves in the shade, plants withhold resources and invest less chlorophyll per unit area of leaf. Shade leaves tend to be larger and thinner.

What is the onion-like base of Zigadenus elegans often mistaken for?

The onion-like base to Zigadenus elegans has been mistaken for a wild onion by many victims.

How do plants try to reduce water loss?

To try to reduce water loss, the plant has guard cells to control the opening and closing of the stomata.

How do guard cells operate?

The guard cells operate by becoming turgid and opening the pore, or flaccid and closing the pore.

What do monocots sometimes have for insect pollination?

Monocots sometimes have showy flowers for insect pollination, as seen for the Allium stellatum and Zigadenus elegans.

What is a unifying feature shared by almost all monocots?

In addition to having only a single cotyledon, a unifying feature shared by almost all monocots is parallel veins in the leaf, although there are some exceptions.

What regulates the operation of guard cells?

This is regulated by osmosis.

What is the pattern of vein branching in dicots?

Patterns of vein branching are often palmate or pinnate in dicots

How is the leaf of Anemone canadensis described?

The leaf of Anemone canadensis is simple in the sense that it is not divided into separate parts, although it has deeply cleft lobes.

How are the leaves of Rosa woodsii described?

In contrast, the leaves of Rosa woodsii are compound, that is, they are divided into leaflets.

What causes a plant to transpire the most?

Factors that increase transpiration:

Temperature: Higher heat accelerates water loss.
Humidity: Lower humidity enhances evaporation.
Wind: Increased air movement boosts transpiration.
Light: More sunlight promotes photosynthesis and moisture escape.

What happens to the cotyledons in epigeal germination?

In epigeal germination, the cotyledons are thrown out from the seed to open above the ground and conduct photosynthesis.

What occurs to the cotyledons in hypogeal germination?

In hypogeal germination, the cotyledons stay below ground, break down, and deliver nutrients in solution to the growing shoot above ground.

Why is wind-dispersed pollen an important phenomenon in the evolution of plants?

Wind-dispersed pollen enhances plant diversity and adaptation by facilitating:

Cross-pollination
Genetic variation
Colonization of new habitats

What are two types of dry fruits?

The nut and the legume

What are two types of fleshy fruits?

The drupe and the pome

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

BFI - Laboratory Assignments

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