Summary: Cross Cultural Communication

Read the summary and the most important questions on Cross Cultural Communication

• Chapter 1 - Cultural Awareness

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• What is the meaning of a culture?

  A complex framework that shapes and gives meaning to the material and mental world. Culture consists of layer, like an onion

• Which three layers is the onion build up from:

  1: Outer layer: Artefacts of culture
  2: Second layer: Norms and values 
  3: Deepest layer/core: Basic assumptions

• Explain the outer layer of the onion

  Artefacts are the first things you notice when entering a new country. Foreigners in the Netherlands notice: bicycle lanes, large windows, open curtains; tall people and how they dress. Eating bread. 
  
  When entering a new company, you'll notice the artefacts: company logo, house-style, dress code. Easy perspective and nice to know, but intercultural communication is not about artefacts

• Explain the second layer of the onion

  They are standards of correct, desired behaviour. Norms and values value differ per country. These are less visible then artefacts, but learnable with the necessary effort.

• Explain the core/deepest layer of the onion

  Basic assumptions. Abstract and invisible. We learn them before the age of 7 and unaware of their influences. Intercultural communication is about being aware of our basic assumptions and recognizing other basic assumptions

• What are the three levels of programming?

  Human nature: if we are hungry we'll look for food and devour it with our hands, that's what human nature does.
  
  Cultural programming: deciding to get a plate and eat it with fork and knife. 
  
  Individual choices can be made, like not obeying the norms/rules. Regardless of the community's disapproval or possible sanctions.

• How can the message of the source be distorted in the communication model ?

  By cultural programming. For example, the appropriate amount of eye contact may be too much for another culture.

• Chapter 2 - Cultural Differences (Hall)

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• Who made the model of cultural diffences?

  Edward and Mildred Hall

• What does the Hall model contain ?

  6 dimensions which are important to describe another culture or difference between cultures

• Explain the difference between high and low context in Hall's model

  High context communication means that someone is not only giving the core message. There's a lot of context in the communication. (erom heen draaien)
  
  Direct, Explicit, Start with main point.
  
  Low context is straight to the point and direct speech   
  
  Coded, Indirect, Non-verbal importance, Start with context.