Granulomatous Inflammation

7 important questions on Granulomatous Inflammation

What is granulomatous inflammation?

It is inflammation dominated by activated macrophages

Which cells are involved in granulomatous inflammation?

  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Giant cells - macrophages with giant nuclei
  3. Epithelioid macrophages

What are some causes of granulomatous inflammation?

  1. Foreign material
  2. Mycobacteria (not the same as mycoplasma)
  3. Fungi
  4. Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions
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What is the main factor leading to granulomatous inflammation?

Chronic reactions to persistent stimuli

What is the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation?

Persistent, poorly degradable antigens or immune responses trigger a T-cell–mediated immune response (type IV) leading to activated macrophages that transform into epithelioid cells and giant cells. These aggregate to wall off the offending agent, forming a granuloma.

How does the immune response cause granulomatous inflammation?

Unusually severe immuno-inflammatory reactions to innocuous antigens can lead to disease, but dampening the immune systems can make clinical signs and disease go away

What are the sequelae of granulomatous inflammation?

  1. Occupation of functional space (can lead to organ failure after enough space occupied)
  2. Impingement on vital structures
  3. Cachexia (consumption of body) via macrophages and their cytokines

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