Neutrophilic inflammation
4 important questions on Neutrophilic inflammation
What are the steps involved in neutrophilic response in inflammation?
2. Recognition by phagocytes, complements, and antibody
3. Inflammation mediators produced
What do inflammation mediators do for neutrophils?
- Stimulate endothelial cells and leukocytes to roll along vessel lumen (only veins)
- Rolling adhesions via selectins
- Form firm adhesions via ICAM-1 on endothelium and integrins on leukocytes
- Allow diapedeses
- Allow chemotaxis (i.e. IL-8, C5a, LTB4)
What are some neutrophilic responses for bacterial killing?
- Oxidative killing (ROS): Peroxide, superoxide anion O2-, myeloperoxidase, hypochloride HOCL-
- Proteolytic enzymes: elastase, collagenase, cathepsin G
- Antimicrobial proteins in neutrophil granules: Defensins, cathelicidins, lysozome, lactoferrin
- NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps): release of chromatin within ECF with antimicrobial granules within the net to trap and kill bacteria
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How do leukocytes recognize bacterial infections?
- Opsonization (e.g. Antibody, complement)
- PAMPs (e.g. TLRs)
- Cytokines
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