Read the summary and the most important questions on Theory Week 9: Nutritional counseling to special population, water and herbal supplements

• 1 Special Population Patients

• We do not give the same oral hygiene instructions to every patient, and its the same for nutritional counseling: Presentations are tailored.- What factors do we have to keep in mind when giving nutritional counseling and on what do we have to base it on?

  - Specific oral concerns
  
  - Assessment findings
  
  - Physical and mental ability
  
  - Patients --> likes and dislikes
  
  - Patients --> lifestyle/living arrangements

• What diet suggestions do you give to surgery patients?

  They  have to avoid these foods 
  --> for 3-5 days:
  
  - spicy food
  - salty food
  - crunchy or hard food
  - excessively hot foods + beverages
  - alcoholic beverages 

• What diet suggestions do you give to patients who got a tooth extraction ?

  - Avoid --> smoking 
  
  - Avoid --> sucking though a straw
  
  - Drink plenty --> of fluids
  
  - Eat only --> soft foods --> for first 12 - 24 hours
  
  - Chew on the opposite side --> of the wound

• What diet suggestions do you give to patients with NUP?

  - Increase caloric intake --> due to fever or tissue repair
  
  - Eat a liquid or soft diet --> for first few days 
  
  - Avoid --> all spicy or irritating foods
  
  - Choose bland foods --> that feel soothing
  
  - Eat frequent --> small meals 
  
  - Drink plenty --> of fluids

• 1.1 Chewing considerations

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• With new dentures patients need to learn to talk and chew in a new way: there are new rules for eating:- What should they be carefully of (and why)?- Which rules/advice should be given to these patients?

  Beware of:
  - flavors --> are masked by the denture
  - palate is covered by denture --> hot foods not felt until the way down
  
  Rules/suggestions/advice
  - in the beginning avoid --> sticky + hard foods
  - chew on both sides --> prevent rocking/tipping of denture
  - start with --> soft foods
  - cut food into --> small pieces

• What diet suggestions would you give to a patient with a TMJ dysfunction (avoid/do)?

  Avoid
  - foods that will require --> wide opening
  - chewing gum
  
  DO
  - eat a soft diet
  - several small meals a day
  - trying liquid supplements --> till pain passes

• - What consequences can some food have on the orthodontic appliances?- What will plaque do?- Give 5 foods to avoid

  Consequences of orthodontics: some foods will:
  - displace brackets
  - loosen cement --> under brackets
  - bend ligature wires
  
  And plaque will:
  - accumulate around the appliances
  - and is difficult to remove
  
  Foods to avoid
  - popcorn, corn ships, crisps taco
  - biting info fruit --> with front teeth
  - chewing gum
  - lemons
  - hard pretzels, bagels, rolls, pizza crust
  - nuts
  - ice
  - soda
  - taffy + caramels

• 1.2 Medical considerations

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• - Give the percentage prevelances of diabetes- How to do a accurate dental management of diabetic patients?- Which oral manifestations can they encounter?

  - 20% of all adults over 65 are diabetic
  - 95% of all diabetics have type 2 diabetes
  
  Dental management of diabetic patients:
  1. Take thorough + accurate --> medical history
  2. Inquire --> about disease management
  3. Educate --> about oral manifestations
  
  Oral manifestations
  - burning oral tissues
  - periodontal disease
  - xerostomia 

• Give 3 primary diet suggestions for diabetic patients

  - Sip on water or chew sugarless gum --> for greater salivary flow
  
  - Follow physician-recommended diet
  
  - Include cariostatic foods

• The 2 most common oral complaints with cancer treatment are xerostomia and mouth ulcers:- Give diet suggestions for both

  Xerostomia
  - eat --> moist foods
  - eat -- frozen fruits
  - sip on water --> throughout the day
  - suck on sugar-free --> hard candy
  
  Mouth ulcers
  - eat --> soft foods: puree meats + vegetables
  - suck on ice chips --> numb the mouth (suck not chew)
  - cut food into --> small, bite sized pieces
  - avoid --> spicy/salty/dry food
  - avoid any food --> with vinegar + citric acid