Creating New Identities (750-900) - Byzantium: From Turning within to Cautious Expansion - Christianity and the Rise of East Central Europe
12 important questions on Creating New Identities (750-900) - Byzantium: From Turning within to Cautious Expansion - Christianity and the Rise of East Central Europe
Which new groups entered Byzantium?
- New groups, mainly of Slavic and Turkic origins, entered, created ephemeral political entities, and then disappeared.
- For a time, much of the whole region was dominated by the Avars, Turkic-speaking warrior pastoralists who created a great empire on the Pannonian Plain.
How did East Central Europe take political shape?
What did the Byzantines and Franks do in the ninth century?
- In the ninth century, Byzantines (Orthodox Christians) and Franks (Roman Catholics) competed to take advantage of the new political stability in the region.
- For these proselytizers, spreading the Gospel had not only spiritual but also political advantages: it was a way to bring border regions under their respective spheres of influence.
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What did conversion to Christianity mean for East Central European states?
What did Constantine (later called Cyril) and Methodius do?
- They set out in 863 armed with translations of the Gospels and liturgical texts.
- Constantine devised an alphabet using Greek letters to represent the sounds of one Slavic dialect (the "Glagolitic" alphabet). He then added Greek words and grammar where the Slavic lacked Christian vocabulary and suitable expressions.
- The resulting language, later called Old Church Slavonic, was an effective tool for conversion.
What language was used in the Byzantine Church and Roman Church?
Where did the Byzantine brand of Christianity prevail?
What did Khan Boris do?
What two separate peoples where there in Bulgaria?
What did the Bulgar khan do for the Greek-speaking former Byzantines?
- For those, he was obliged to take on the trappings of a Byzantine ruler. He employed Greeks to administer his state, used Greek officials in his writing-office, authenticated his documents with Byzantine-style seals, and adopted Byzantine court ceremonies.
- In addition, in the course of the ninth century, Bulgar contact with Byzantines increased as a result of Greek refugees fleeing - and war-prisoners being forced - into the Bulgar state.
What did the pagan religion of the Bulgars involve? What did that imply?
Did Boris submit to Byzantium?
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