Church Reform and its Aftermath - The First Crusade - The Massacre of Rhineland Jews

4 important questions on Church Reform and its Aftermath - The First Crusade - The Massacre of Rhineland Jews

Who inspired the Peasants' Crusade? What route did they take?

  • Though called collectively the "Peasants' (or People's) Crusade," these irregular armies included nobles.
  • They were inspired by popular preachers, especially the eloquent Peter the Hermit, who was described by chroniclers as small, ugly, barefoot, and utterly captivating.
  • The Peasants' Crusade took a route to the Holy Land through the Rhineland in Germany. 

Which group settled under Henry IV?

  • Under Henry IV many Jewish settlers had gained a stable place within Germany, particularly in the prosperous cities that lined up along the Rhine River.
  • The Jews there received protection from the local bishops (often imperial appointees) in return for paying a tax. 

Did the Christians and Jews coexist well before the First Crusade? How did the First Crusade change it?

They coexisted peacefully. The Peasants' Crusade threatened the Jews. They had two choices - forced conversion or death - some persecutors relented when their victims paid them money.
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How did the emperor view the crusades?

From the point of view of Emperor Alexius at Constantinople, even the "official" crusaders were problematic.

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