Catastrophe and Creativity (1350-1500) - Crises and Consolidations - The Hundred Years' War
11 important questions on Catastrophe and Creativity (1350-1500) - Crises and Consolidations - The Hundred Years' War
When did the Hundred Years War begin?
How did the Hundred Years War start?
- It started as a dynastic conflict between two descendants of French King Philip III - Edward III and Philip VI. It also recalled England's long-standing claims to Continental lands which the English king held as "vassal" of the French king.
- Fundamental to the conflict were Flemish-English economic relations, to which English prosperity and taxes were tied.
What did the Hundred Years War eventually lead to?
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How did Jeanne d'Arc view the new France?
How did England won at Crécy in 1346?
- Because of their longbowmen, the English won a major victory at Crécy in 1346 even though the French employed Genoese mercenary crossbowmen.
- The longbow had a long range and rapid rate of fire, while the crossbows used bolts that penetrated deeply but had a short range. And crossbows took a long time to reload.
How was it going in the war by 1360?
How did the war develop between 1380 and 1400?
Meanwhile, sentiments for peace were gaining strength in both England and France; a treaty to put an end to the fighting for a generation was drawn up in 1396.
Who aided Henry's plans?
Which two centers were there in Burgundy? What connected them?
- Forged by Philip the Bold (r.1364-1404), it had two centers, one at Dijon (the traditional Burgundy) and another at Lille, in the north (the traditional Flanders).
- The only unity in these disparate regions was provided by the dukes themselves, who traveled tirelessly from one end of their duchy to the other, participating in elaborate ceremonies - lavish entry processions into cities, wedding and birth festivities, funerals - and commissioning art and music that both celebrated and justified their power.
What happened at the Treaty of Troyes (1420)?
- Like the kings of France, Duke Philip the Bold was a Valois. Even so, his grandson, Philip the Good (r.1419-1467), decided to link his destiny with England, long the major trading partner of Flanders.
- Because of his support, the English easily marched into Paris, and the Treaty of Troyes (1420) made English King Henry V the heir to the throne of France.
When was the Hundred Years War won and by whom? What was the reason behind this victory?
- It took until 1453 for the French kings to win the war.
- One reason for the French victory was their systematic use of gunpowder-fired artillery: in one fifteen-month period around 1450, the French relied heavily on siege guns such as cannons to capture more than seventy English strongholds.
- Diplomatic finesse helped the French as well: after 1435, the duke of Burgundy abandoned the English and supported the French, at least in lukewarm fashion.
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