New Configurations (1050-1150) - Byzantium: Bloodied but Unbowed
8 important questions on New Configurations (1050-1150) - Byzantium: Bloodied but Unbowed
Who invaded Byzantium?
- In the Balkans, Turkic Pechenegs raided with ease.
- The Normans, some of whom had established themselves in southern Italy, began attacks on Byzantine territory there and conquered its last stronghold, Bari, in 1071, precisely when the Seljuks defeated the Byzantines in Manzikert.
- Entering Muslim Sicily in 1060, the Normans conquered it by 1093. Meanwhile, their knights attacked Byzantine territory.
What did the Normans rule when Roger came to the throne?
Of what was the army largely composed?
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How did the Byzantines confront their invaders?
How did Constantine IX handle Pechenegs?
What changes were there in the imperial court?
What did Alexius I Comnenus do?
- Alexius I Comnenus (r.1081-1118), a Dalassenus on his mother's side, managed to bring most of the major families together through a series of marriage alliances.
- Until her death in c.1102, Anna Dalassena, Alexius's mother, held the reins of government while Alexius occupied himself with military matters.
How was the economy of the Byzantine Empire buoyed?
- Its economy was buoyed by agricultural production and population growth.
- Its manufactured goods - silks, oil, dyes, pottery, bronzes, ivories and glass - were in high demand in markets ranging from Rus' to Spain.
- Italian traders acted as intermediaries.
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