Crises and Consolidations - The Catholic Church Divided - The Great Western Schism (1378-1417)
4 important questions on Crises and Consolidations - The Catholic Church Divided - The Great Western Schism (1378-1417)
Which popes rivaled eachother and when? What is the name of this period?
- Between 1378 and 1409, rival popes - those based in Avignon and those of Rome - claimed to rule as vicar of Christ. From 1409 to 1417, those based in Bologna added their own claim.
- The popes at each place excommunicated one another, surrounded themselves with their own colleges of cardinals and loyal followers, and forced European states to choose among them.
- This period is called The Great Western Schism (1378-1417) and it was both a spiritual and a political crisis.
What influence did this schism have on other issues?
What did Boniface IX do?
- Urban's successor, Boniface IX (1389-1404), reconquered the papal states and set up governors (many of them his family members) to rule over them.
- Desperate for more revenues, the popes at Rome turned all their prerogatives into sources of income.
- Boniface put Church benefices on the open market. He also commercialized penance, a move that was made possible by the development of the doctrine of Purgatory, the place where the souls of the dead were "purged" of their sins.
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What was seen as an option to end the schism?
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