Summary: Evolution Leaving Certificate Biology For New Senior Cycle

Read the summary and the most important questions on Evolution Leaving Certificate Biology for new senior cycle

• 2 Unit 2 - The Living World

• 2.5 Chapter 8 - Viruses

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• What are the parts labeled A, B, and C in the virus diagram, and their functions?

  • A: Protein coat — protects the genetic material.
  • B: Genetic material (DNA/RNA) — contains instructions for replication.
  • C: Surface proteins — help the virus attach to host cells.

• Name three different shapes of viruses.

  • Helical
  • Icosahedral
  • Complex

• What were the economic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic?

  • Huge global economic consequences
  • Job losses affecting people's income
  • Healthcare facilities under strain
  • Reduced manufacturing productivity
  • Disrupted supply chains
  • Rising prices

• What are the living and non-living characteristics of viruses?

  • Living Characteristics:
    • Genetic material (DNA or RNA) is present.
    • Organized compared to inorganic substances.
    • Can replicate inside a host cell.
    • Protein structure.
    • Passes genetic information to the next generation.
  • Non-living Characteristics:
    • Only one type of nucleic acid.
    • Lack organelles like mitochondria, nucleus.
    • Non-cellular; cannot metabolize independently.

• How do animal diseases affect the economy?

  • Foot-and-mouth disease impacts animals like cattle, pigs, and sheep
  • Causes deaths, milk reduction
  • Increases veterinary care costs

• State three living and non-living characteristics of viruses.

  • Living: Reproduce inside host, mutate, carry genetic material.
  • Non-living: Non-cellular, require host for reproduction, no metabolic activity.

• How are vaccines created and what is their role in the immune system?

  • Viruses or their components are used to create vaccines.
  • Vaccines stimulate the immune system to form antibodies.
  • They protect against diseases without causing the disease itself.

• Why are plant viruses economically important?

  • Causes crop diseases
  • Reduces yield
  • Example: tobacco mosaic virus

• What are viral vectors in gene therapy?

  • Viruses are used to deliver genes to human cells.
  • This process aids in treating diseases like cancer.
  • Viruses involved are modified to not cause disease.

• What role do vaccines play in medicine?

  • Use viruses or genetic material to stimulate immune response
  • Help create antibodies against diseases
  • Prevent person from getting disease