Gut brain axis, the gut side - intestinal architecture

6 important questions on Gut brain axis, the gut side - intestinal architecture

What is the definition of tight junctions that support the physical barrier?

The definition of tight junctions that support the physical barrier is a group of transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins located at the intercellular space, interacting between adjacent cells to form a paracellular barrier

What are 3 keys proteins involved in tight junctions in the epithelial cells and what are their functions?

3 keys proteins involved in tight junctions are:
claudin: SI - claudin 2 & 15, colon: claudin 1,3,5,8,23
occludin; has been shown to control paracellular permeability and barrier function, zonula occludens-1
JAM-A; controls ion and macromolecule permeability

Which intestinal epithelial cells form the chemical barrier of the intestine, and what are their main secreted products?

The intestinal epithelial cells that form the chemical barrier of the intestine are goblet cells and paneth cells

Goblet produce glycoproteins called mucins
Paneth cells produce antimicrobial peptides and secretory IgA
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Which two classes of mucins are found in the intestinal epithelium>

Two classes of mucins that are found in the intestinal epithelium are
transmembrane mucins
gel-forming mucins

Which three classes of paneth cells are found in the intestinal epithelium?

Three classes of paneth cells that are found in the intestinal epithelium are
-sIgA; blocks microbial access to epithelial receptors, entrapping them in mucus, and facilitates their removal
-lysozome; hydrolyses the polysaccharide structure of bacterial cell walls
-defensins; exhibit bactericidal activity

What are the differences in epithelial cell composition between the small intestine and colon, and relate this to the digestive function?

In the small intestine 70% of the epithelial cells are enterocytes, whilst only 5 % are goblet cells. In the colon 20% of the epithelial cells are goblet cells, and the number of enterocytes is reduced to 14%. In the beginning of the small intestine, duodenom there are more enzymes for proteolytic fermentation, whilst in the colon there is a more saccharolytic environment

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