Summary: Nutrition And The Brain

Read the summary and the most important questions on Nutrition and the Brain

• 1 Lecture 1: Introduction

• 1.1.1 Menton different cell-types and functions of the brain

• What are main glial cells in the CNS and their functions?

  The man glial cells in the CNS are
  astrocytes: support /BBB
  oligodendrocytes: myelin
  microglia: immune defense
  ependymal cells :  create and circulate (CSF) Cerebrospinal fluid

• What are the corresponding PNS cells for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the CNS glia?

  Astrocytes in the CNS correspond with satellite cells in the PNS
  Oligodendrocytes CNS correspond with Schwann cells in the PNS

• 1.1.2 Recognize the main structure of the brain (white versus grey matter)

• What is the location of grey matter in the spinal cord versus the brain?

  Grey matter is located inside the spinal cord and mostly on the outside (cortex) of the brain

• What is difference between grey and white matter in structure?

  The difference between grey matter and white matter in structure is that grey matter mainly consist of neuronal cell bodies, nuclei and white matter mainly consists of the axons
  
  Grey matter = processing (where the thinking happens)
  White matter = signal transmission (communication)

• 1.1.3 Explain neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity

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• What is synaptic plasticity?

  Synaptic plasticity means that after long term potentian (LTP) synaptic communication is strengthened. More receptors as wells as more neurotransmitters are created

• What are 4 different types/shapes of neurons?

  4 different types/shapes of neurons are
  Unipolar
  bipolar
  pseudounipolar
  multipolar (most common)
  
  
  
  
  
  

• 1.1.4 Mention neurotransmitters and their precursors

• What are the precusors of endocannibinoids?

  The precursors of endocannibinoids are arachidonic acid; DHA

• 1.2.1 Describe the function and anatomy of the blood-brain barrier.

• How do molecules cross the blood brain barrier?

  Molecules cross the blood brain barrier by diffusing and transporter molecules (but high electrical charge slows diffusion down and it is highly restricted)

• 1.2.2 Explain how nutrients are transported towards the brain and over the blood- brain barrier

• Which vessels supply blood to the brain?

  Blood reaches the brain through the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries
  

• What is the function of the circle of Willis?

  The circle of Willis has the function of blood distribution and back-up system