Gut brain axis: the brain side - What cognitive control is and how it is related to human brain functioning, including: > brain regions, neuroimaging

6 important questions on Gut brain axis: the brain side - What cognitive control is and how it is related to human brain functioning, including: > brain regions, neuroimaging

What is the definition of cognitive control and what are it's three subdomains?

The definition of cognitive control is executive functioning mental ability to direct thoughts, emotions and actions in alignment with internal goals rather than habit or impulse.
The three subdomains of cognitive control are
inhibition (resisting impulses)
working memory (holding information in mind)
cognitive flexibility (shifting between tasks)

What is the definition of neuroimaging and what are 4 different methods of neuroimaging?

Neuroimaging is the visualization of the brain's structure or activity using imaging techniques like scans
4 different methods are
fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
PET (Positron emission tomography)
MEG (Magnetoencephalography)
EEG (electroencephalography)

Which neuroimaging technique is used most often when researching gut-brain interaction and why?

The neuroimaging technique used most often when researching gut-brain interaction is fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). The fMRI has a higher spatial resolution so it can pinpoint more precisely where activity happens in the brain in comparison to MEG, EEG and PET
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What are the main brain views?

The three main brain views are coronal, horizontal, sagittal

What are the different lobes of the brain and what functions does each lobe perform?

The different lobes of the brain are
frontal lobe/cortex: decision-making, planning, movement, personality
parietal lobe: spatial awarenes
temporal lobe: hearing, memory, language
occipital lobe: vision

What is the mechanism behind functional fMRI and how can it be interpreted?

Functional fMRI measures the BOLD (blood-oxygen level dependent contrast) signal, which reflects the balance between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. When neurons are active, blood flow increases, bringing more oxygenated hemoglobin and reducing dexoygenated hemoglobin (which contains iron and affects the signal), resulting in a stronger signal that indicates brain activity

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