Gut brain axis, the gut side - Gut microbial metabolite (SCFAs, BAs, TRP metabolites)
7 important questions on Gut brain axis, the gut side - Gut microbial metabolite (SCFAs, BAs, TRP metabolites)
What is the definition of gut microbial metabolites (GMMs)?
In what 3 ways does dietary fiber shape the microbial ecology?
-promoting fiber degenerating bacteria: prevotella, xylanibacter
-increase SCFA levels
-attributing to a diverse and balanced gut microbiome
What are the three main short-chain fatty acids produced from undigested carbohydrates in the gut microbiome and what is the microbiome composition ratio within?
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How does bile acid metabolism influence microbiota?
1: gut bacteria expressing bile salt hydrolase (BSH) deconjugate primary bile acids
2 'escaped' primary bile acids influence the microbiota in the colon. certain bacteria convert them into secondary bile acids (DCA & LCA)
Into which compound can gut bacteria metabolize the amino acid tryptophan?
What are the main products of saccharolytic fermentation versus proteolytic fermentation in the colon and its benefits and disadvantages?
Benefi: inhibiting pathogen adhesion to colonocytes
The main product of proteolytic fermentation are indoles BCFAs, phenol, ammonia
disadvantages (in high conc); impaired oxidative metabolism, proinflammatory, genotoxic
What are 3 the name of 3 different tryptophan catabolites and it's function?
Indole: signal molecule that appears essential in microbial communities by affecting spore formation, plasmid stability, drug, biofilm formation, and virulence
Tryptophol: quorum sensing molecule (fungi), antimicrobial activity toward salmonalla enterica and Lactobacillus plantarum
Indole lactic acid; is reported to have antifungal activity against penicillium strains
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