Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250) - The Islamic World Reshaped - The Maghreb and West Africa
5 important questions on Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250) - The Islamic World Reshaped - The Maghreb and West Africa
Who were the Almohads? How did they purify fellow Muslims?
How did the Almohads see themselves? How did they differ from Almoravids?
What did the Almohads conquer?
- At first biding their time in the mountainous regions of the Maghreb, where the Almoravids were weak, the Almohads stoked numerous tribal resentments.
- In 1146, they conquered Tlemcen and Fez and entered al-Andalus.
- Over time, they created a grand empire which, at its greatest extent, stretched from Cuenca (today in Spain) to Tunis. But their sway did not extend as far south as the Almoravids had managed to go.
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What religious actions did the Almohads take?
- Seeing themselves as purifiers of religion, the Almohads imposed restrictions on Jews, persecuted Muslim literalists, and built monuments to mark their triumphs.
- At Marrakesh, they tore down the Almoravid palace and replaced it with one of their grandest mosques, the Kutubiyya.
- Then, dissatisfied with that mosque, perhaps because they considered the qibla wall (the one facing Mecca) to be imprecisely oriented, they rebuilt it entirely c.1158, adding, as a final touch at the end of century, a striking minnaret.
What consequences did the Almohad victory have for West Africa? What did Ghana do?
- The Almohad victory over the Maghreb had reverberations in West Africa, where the now fully Islamized kingdom of Ghana reorganized itself.
- Its ruler rejected Almohad overlordship and recognized (if only nominally) the distant caliph at Baghdad.
- Regrouping commercially, Ghana fostered new trading centers to ensure that the desires of the sub-Saharan populations for salt and of the northern elites for gold and slaves would continue to be met.
- But Ghana's power, very much in evidence c.1200, soon began to decline as a new regional polity - Mali - was aborning.
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