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Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250)

8 important questions on Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250)

What happened in the second half of the twelfth century in the Islamic world?

In the second half of the twelfth century, the Almohads defeated the Almoravids and created a new Islamic state in Spain and the Maghreb.
To the east, the Ayyubids took over the Fatimid empire and all but extinguished the Crusader States.
Much further eastward, the Mongols under Chinggis Khan began to fulfill his aspiration to rule the world.

What did the Fourth Crusade do?

At the beginning of the thirteenth century, the Fourth Crusade, while failing to recover the Holy Land, took Byzantium instead.

What things happened in Europe during the beginning of the thirteenth century?

At Rome, the pope held a council to declare new Church laws and affirm old ones.
In England, King John used every tool of royal power to gain money and claim his recently lost French territories.
In Germany the emperor managed to end the civil war there.
European lords and ladies turned manors into money-making units and supported coteries of singers and poets, while Gothic architecture expressed the confidence of the Church and city-dwellers.

What happened within 1200-1250?

The Almohad empire had disappeared; the Ayyubids had been supplanted by the Mamluks, and the Byzantines regained their empire.
John lost his bid to keep his lands in France, the German emperor was thwarted in his efforts to put imperial rule on a new footing, and the Church came up against the limits of control,
Around the year 1250, only the Mongols' ambitions were undimmed.

Wanneer gaf Frederik I Barbarossa toe aan Italië?

Toen zij de Lombardische liga tegen hem oprichtten.

What new group entered the Islamic world? Who were in control?

While the Almohads and Ayyubid created what seemed to be relatively stable and reliably Sunni polities in the west, ferment on the easternmost boundary of the Islamic world brought to the fore a new group, the Mongols.

Who is Innocent III? What did he claim?

Innocent III (1198-1216) - the first pope to be trained at the city schools and to study both theology and law - claimed that the pope ruled in the place of Christ the King.
In his view, secular kings and emperors existed to help the pope, who was the ultimate legislator - the maker of the laws that led to moral reformation.

What was the goal of the Church in the thirteenth century?

In the thirteenth century, the Church sought to redefine Christianity, embracing some doctrines, rejecting others, turning against Jews and Muslims with new vigor, and calling crusades even within Europe while making the best of a crusade that went "astray" and took Christian Constantinople instead of Jerusalem.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

A Short History of the Middle Ages, Sixth Edition | 9781487541019 | Barbara H Rosenwein

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