Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250) - Culture and Institutions in Town and Countryside - Urban Guilds Incorporated
9 important questions on Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (1150-1250) - Culture and Institutions in Town and Countryside - Urban Guilds Incorporated
What did guilds serve to?
What hierarchy was there in guilds?
- Within each guild was another kind of hierarchy. Apprentices were at the bottom, journeymen and -women in the middle, and masters at the top.
- Young boys and occasionally girls were the apprentices; they worked for a master for room and board, learning a trade.
What often happened after the apprenticeship?
- After their apprenticeship, men and women often worked many years as day laborers, hired by a master when he needed extra help.
- A very few men, and almost no women, worked their way up to master status. They were the ones who dominated the guild's offices and set its policies.
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How did females do in the world of workers?
- The codification of guild practices and membership tended to work against females, who were slowly being ousted from the world of workers during the late twelfth century.
- There were exceptions: at Paris, guild regulation for the silk fabric makers assumed that the artisans would be women.
What does universitas mean? What happened there?
- Universities, too, were guilds. Indeed, universitas was another word for guild.
- Around the year 1200, students and masters (we would call them professors today) began to draw up codes to regulate student discipline, scholastic proficiency, and housing, and they determined the masters' behavior in equal detail.
How long did you have to study to teach a subject at Paris?
- At Paris, in the early thirteenth century, students spent at least six years studying the liberal arts before gaining the right to teach the subject.
- If they wanted to specialize in theology they attended lectures on the subject for at least another five years.
What was the chief method of communication?
- With books both expensive and hard to find, lectures were the chief method of communication.
- These were centered on important texts: the master read an excerpt aloud, delivered his commentary on it, and disputed any contrary commentaries that rival masters might have proposed.
- Students committed the lectures to memory.
What made universities virtually self-governing corporations within the towns?
What does "town against gown" mean?
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