Empires of Land and Mind (1250-1350) - The Elasticity and Rigidity of Europe - Strengthened Monarchs and Their Adaptations
6 important questions on Empires of Land and Mind (1250-1350) - The Elasticity and Rigidity of Europe - Strengthened Monarchs and Their Adaptations
What were secular governments keen on? Name examples of that.
- Secular governments were keen to tap wealth, control people, and exercise power.
- Expelling the Jews meant confiscating their property and calling in their loans while polishing an image of zealous religiosity.
- Burning lepers was one way to gain access to the assets of leprosaria and claim new forms of hegemony.
- Imprisonment and burning heretics and sodomites put their poverty into the hands of secular authorities.
What did the Golden Bull do?
- In 1356 the so-called Golden Bull freed imperial rule from the papacy but at the same time made it dependent on the German princes.
- The princes had always participated in ratifying new kings and emperors; now seven of them were given the role and title of electors.
- After the promulgation of the Golden Bull, the royal and imperial level of administration of the Holy Roman Empire was less important than the local.
Who did the local ruler have to deal with?
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What kind of men was King Louis IX?
- French King Louis IX was a born reformer. He approached his kingdom as he did himself: with zealous discipline. As an individual, he was (by all accounts) pious, dignified, and courageous.
- He attended church each day, diluted his wine with water, and cared for the poor and sick.
What did Louis's discipline mean in terms of justice?
- Louis's discipline meant offering due justice to all, and that included persecuting Jews and heretics.
- Louis pronounced judgment on some disputes himself.
What changed in the power dynamics between the pope and kings in 1300?
- During the years around 1300, French King Philip the Fair and Pope Boniface VIII clashed.
- By 1300, the tables had turned: the kings had more power than the popes, and the confrontation between Boniface and Philip was one sign of the dawning new principle of national sovereignty.
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